Addressing unobserved heterogeneity at road user level for the analysis of conflict risk at tunnel toll plaza: A correlated grouped random parameters logit approach with heterogeneity in means

Toll plaza is a designated area of controlled-access roads like expressway, bridge, and tunnel for toll collection. A number booths are often placed at the accommodating high passing traffic multiple payment methods. Traffic safety characteristics plazas different from that other road entities. Different conflict risk indicators, which usually longitudinal, have been adopted real-time assessment. In this study, correlated grouped random parameter logit models with heterogeneity in means established to capture unobserved heterogeneity, additional flexibility, user level association between influencing factors. addition, modified indicator developed assess diverging, merging, weaving movements traffic, vehicles’ dimensions (width length), longitudinal angular considered. Also, prevalence severity both rear-end sideswipe conflicts assessed. Results indicate collection type, vehicle’s location, average speed, acceleration, vehicle class all affect conflicts. Furthermore, there significant correlation among parameters severe Proposed analytic method can accommodate analysis types account heterogeneity. Findings should shed light on appropriate remedial measures signs, markings, advanced management system improve plazas.